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Here, in the effort to reinvigorate innovation in the way we design, build, and operate the nuclear power generating stations of today and tomorrow, nothing can be taken for granted. Not even the seemingly familiar physics of boiling water. The Consortium for the Advanced Simulation of Light Water Reactors, or CASL, is focused on the deployment of advanced modeling and simulation capabilities to enable the nuclear industry to reduce uncertainties in the prediction of multi-physics phenomena and continue to improve the performance of today’s Light Water Reactors and their fuel. An important part of the CASL mission is the developmentmore » of a next generation thermal hydraulics simulation capability, integrating the history of engineering models based on experimental experience with the computing technology of the future.« less

AbstractA study was made of separating the volumetric mass transfer coefficients, kGa and kLa, into their components kG, kL, and a so that the effects of variables might be determined separately for each component. Mass transfer rates for four packings, 1/2‐ and 1 1/2‐in. Raschig rings and 1/2‐in. and 1‐in. Berl saddles, made of naphthalene, were determined by vaporization into air at gas rates from 100 to 1,000 1b./(hr.) (sq. ft.).The correlation for kGa was used to determine the wetted areas of those packings when irrigated with water and to calculate the effective interfacial areas, a, from Fellinger's data formore » ammonia absorption. These effective areas were then used to evaluate kL from previously published kLa data, and a correlation was obtained for all packings.The correlations for kGa and kLand the effective‐interfacial‐area data make possible a more rigorous method for the design of packed columns than was heretofore available.« less

AbstractTotal and static holdups have been measured for 1/2‐, and 1‐in. ceramic Berl saddles, 1/2‐, 1‐, and 1 1/2‐in. ceramic Raschig rings, and 1‐in. carbon Raschig rings with air rates from 100 to 1,000 1b./(hr.) (sq. ft.) and water rates from 1,000 to 10,000 1b./ (hr.) (sq. ft.).The holdup measurements and motion picture observations of the flow of dye solutions through packings provide an explanation for the great differences observed when gas‐phase mass transfer rates are measured by absorption and vaporization methods. If the effective interfacial area for vaporization is assumed to be proportional to total holdup and the areamore » for absorption is assumed proportional to operating holdup, the raio of the two mass transfer rates should be equal to the ratio of the two holdups.The departure from equality of the two ratios can be explained by the observation that the static holdup is displaced slowly, resulting in additional effective area for absorption over that expected from the operating holdup alone.« less